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Charles Martel (librarian)
Charles Martel (born Karl David Hanke,〔Childs, J.B. (Ed.) (1976) Charles Martel. ''Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science'' (Vols. 17). Hew York: Marcel Dekker, INC. Retrieved May 23, 2009, from http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0824720172#reader〕 March 5, 1860, in Zurich, Switzerland – May 15, 1945) was an American librarian responsible for the creation of the Library of Congress Cataloging System; he is often considered to be one of the most influential librarians in American library history.
==Early life==
During Martel's childhood he was surrounded by books, as his father, Franz Hanke, was an antiquarian book dealer in Zurich. By 1872, Martel was studying at the Zurich Gymnasium, where he would continue his studies until 1876.〔Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science (1976) by James B. Childs〕 Around the time he ended his studies at the gymnasium, his brother took him on a trip to America to attend the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia. That same year the American Library Association held its first annual conference, also in the City of Brotherly Love, and it has been speculated that Martel may have had his first encounter with the American library system through this conference.〔
After returning to Switzerland, Martel helped take care of his ailing father, who died in 1878. Following his father’s death that same year, Karl moved to the US and that was the last anyone in his family heard of him.〔 By 1887, he had moved to Dent County, Missouri, where, in April, he became a citizen of the US under the name Charles Martel.〔 Following his citizenship, the newly minted Charles Martel moved to Council Bluffs, Iowa, where he worked as an estate manager as well as an assistant to a lawyer.
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